Toxic Amblyopia (Optic Neuritis)

Introduction:

Several toxic substances and a lack of certain vitamins can lead to a loss of vision. It has been known for some time that alcohol and tobacco, particularly when used excessively, can cause visual damage. It seems to be a direct toxic effect on the nerve fibers of the optic nerve.

In 1992 there was an epidemic in prisoners of war in Cuba where peripheral neuropathy (loss of feeling in the skin) and optic neuropathy occurred frequently in those who smoked a lot of cigars and who lacked a good protein source in their diet. With vitamin A and B-complex supplements and balanced food intake including protein the epidemic stopped.

Signs and Symptoms:

Diagnostic Test:

No abnormalities are usually seen in the fundus. Only late cases that lead to blindness show the signs of optic atrophy. An MRI scan of the optic chiasm and the optic nerves may be indicated.

Treatment:

Treatment includes the removal of all toxic substances from the environment and food and changing unhealthy lifestyles into healthy ones. Here is a link to a more detailed review of toxic/nutritional amblyopia (optic neuropathy).

Disclaimer:

This outline is only a teaching aid to patients and should stimulate you to ask the right questions when seeing your doctor. However, the responsibility of treatment stays in the hands of your doctor and you.

References:

1. The Merck Manual (© 1999)

2. Eye conditions: http://www.stlukeseye.com/Conditions/

3. Karolinska Institute Library eye disease links

4. Ferri: Ferri's Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment, 2004 ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, Inc.

5. Rakel: Conn's Current Therapy 2004, 56th ed., Copyright © 2004 Elsevier

Last Modified: Jan. 30, 2008