Signs And Symptoms
Of Eye Disease
Signs and symptoms of eye diseases vary a great deal depending on which
structure (see anatomy
of the eye ) is affected. For instance, if there
is a superficial ulceration of the cornea from a contact lens
that rubbed, there would be a lot of pain, particularly
with blinking.
The health care provider would see a whitish area where the ulceration is located on the cornea with proper magnification. However in the case of uveitis (=also called "anterior uveitis" or iritis) there is a combination of sensitivity to light, redness of the eye, brow ache and/or pain in the depth of the eye. Other eye diseases have other symptom constellations.
For instance with many major eye diseases there is a loss of vision: all of the retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathies, hypertensive retinopathy or retinal detachment are painless, but have in common either an acute or chronic visual loss.
Bleeding (hemorrhage) is always an alarm sign. It
can occur at different levels. On the surface of the eye (subconjunctival
hemorrhage) it looks impressive, but is usually harmless.
In the case of a vitreous
hemorrhage blood was leaking from brittle vessels
as in the case of diabetic retinopathy (see image from this link)
into the vitreous body from behind. Retinal
hemorrhages occur usually in patients with systemic
blood vessel disease.
Itching is a symptom that points to allergic problems such as in allergic conjunctivitis.
Blind spots (scotomas) are often not noticed by the patient until they invade the central vision. However, early detection of blind spots in the periphery when visual field tests are done can detect glaucoma at an early stage and prompt treatment can prevent permanent visual loss.
Refractive
errors are common and can be corrected with
eye glasses or contact lenses. If this cannot be done for both
eyes, there could be underlying eye disease such as amblyopia
or other conditions and an eye specialist should be involved in
further testing.
Floaters are a common occurrence and are of no significance in most people. However, when they suddenly occur in a shortsighted person or in an older person and interfere with normal vision, an eye specialist should do a careful examination including indirect ophthalmoscopy to rule out a retinal tear or a small area of retinal detachment.
Here is a table with some of the more common eye diseases and their symptoms.
| Some common eye symptoms |
| Signs and symptoms: |
Possible underlying eye conditions: |
| bleeding (hemorrhage) |
subconjunctival
hemorrhage , vitreous
hemorrhage , retinal
hemorrhages |
| blind spots (scotomas) |
could be early sign of glaucoma, retinal problems or optic neuropathy |
| blindness |
optic atrophy and macular degeneration |
floaters |
mostly harmless, but could be indicator of retinal tear (in myopic and elderly people) |
| light sensitivity |
found with iritis (uveitis), often associated with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus |
| pain |
uveitis (iritis), acute glaucoma, trauma to the eye |
| refractive error |
hyperopia, myopia or astigmatism |
| visual loss |
associated with any more serious eye diseases such as glaucoma, optic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, age-related macular degeneration, amblyopia (particularly important to detect in young children), retinal detachment |
|
|
